Non-Ossifying Fibroma (NOF) is a non-neoplastic skeletal disorder characterized by fibrous proliferation in the metaphysis. It is also called FIBROUS CORTICAL DEFECT/ FIBROXANTHOMAS. As per WHO, NOF is not a true neoplasm but it is a developmental disorder. Etiology NOF is the most common skeletal lesion approximately 30 % in the first second decade. Trauma […]
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Giant Cell Tumor is the commonest benign tumor that is encountered by an orthopedic surgeon which consists of 5% of all skeletal tumors and 20% of all skeletal neoplasms. The peak incidence of this tumor occurs in skeletally mature individuals in 3rd decades of their lives. Female: Male= 1.5:1 GCT is seen in epiphysis after […]
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Osteoblastoma is the osteogenic fibroma of the bone which is vascular, benign, and bone-forming skeletal neoplasm. Histologically, Osteoblastoma resembles the nidus of Osteoid Osteoma but lacks reactive sclerosis. It accompanies 1 % of all primary bone tumors and 3 % of benign bone tumors. Generally, it is > 2 cm in diameter. Site The spine […]
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Osteoid Osteoma is defined as a bone-forming lesion that is generally less than 2 cm with central well-defined hypervascular areas of rarefaction (Nidus). It consists of Vascular fibrous tissue, proliferating fibroblasts, and minute spicules. Osteoid Osteoma consists of 10 % of benign bone tumors. Etiology There are different hypotheses: Age group: 5 – 30 years […]
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Chondroblastoma is defined per WHO as a ” relatively benign tumor, characterized by high cellular and relatively undifferentiated tissue, made up of round or polygonal chondroblast like cells with distinct outlines and multinucleated giant cell of osteoclast type arranged in singly or in groups. The presence of a cartilaginous intracellular matrix with areas of focal […]
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Enchondroma is a benign hyaline cartilage tumor occurring in the medulla of bones in adults and causing destruction of the cancellous bones. It is also called chondromyxoma. Tumor cell replaces the normal bone with mineralized or unmineralized hyaline cartilage. Enchondroma has the potential to undergo malignant transformation, especially when situated in large bones, the pelvis. […]
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Osteochondroma as per WHO is ” a cartilage-capped bony projection arising in the external surface of bone containing a marrow cavity that is continuous with that of the surrounding bone.“ It is also called Exostoses Types: Multiple exostoses are seen in diaphyseal aclasis / Hereditary Multiple Exostosis Etiology Osteochondroma is considered a developmental disorder. It […]
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Multiple Myeloma is characterized by the presence of neoplastic plasma cells, which replaces bone and marrow spaces. In this scenario there is the formation of abnormal protein leads to immune deficiency and complications that hasten fatal termination. Other names are: Etiology of MM Genetic cause Chronic Inflammation Environmental cause Radiation Infection Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined […]
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Chondrosarcoma is a malignant tumor of cartilage-producing cells which consist of a heterogeneous group of lesion with diverse morphological features and clinical behavior. Chondrosarcoma is also called as tumor with hyperglycemia It is the most common sarcoma of the bone greater than 20 years (25% of all sarcomas) WHO Classification of Chondrosarcoma Primary Chondrosarcoma 90% […]
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Ewing Sarcoma is the third most common primary tumor of bone and the second most common malignant bone tumor of late childhood and early adulthood (1 % of childhood cancers). Ewing Sarcoma belongs to the small, round, blue-cell tumors that are thought to arise from primitive mesenchymal cells. EWS gene on chromosome 22 Reciprocal translocation […]
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