Management is defined as ‘ to manage is to forecast and to plan, to organize, to command, to coordinate and to control.’ by Henri Fayol
According to Harold Koontz, “Management is an art of getting things done through and with the people in formally organized groups. It is the art of creating an environment where people can perform and co-operate towards the attainment of group goals”.
According to F.W. Taylor, “Management is an art of knowing what to do, when to do and see that it is done in the best and cheapest way”
Management is the science of purposive activity that directs group efforts toward the attainment of certain pre-determined goals.
Henri Fayol: Father of Modern Management
Fayol’s 14 Principles of Management
mnemonics: ROADSIDES ma DICE khelne1. Division of Work
Divide work among various departments and employees, according to required abilities and skills
2. Remuneration
Remuneration and methods of payment should be fair and provide satisfaction to the employees and employer so that each employee gets motivated to work.
3. Order
Proper and systemic arrangement of things and people
4. Discipline
5. Authority
Right to give orders by superiors to their subordinates
6. Scalar Chain
Must have an organization chart and it should show the line of authority from top to bottom
7. Initiative
According to this principle, employees should be encouraged to take initiative in the work assigned to them
8. Equity
Fair and impartial dealing with employees
9. Stability of tenure of the personals
Stability in the job promotes the efficacy of the employees
10. Unity of direction
The effort of all members should be directed toward one common goal
11. Unity of Command
According to this principle, employees should receive orders from one superior only
12. Subordination of an individual interest into a general interest
Each employee should sacrifice/subordinate his personal interest and goal to accompany common goals
13. Espirit de corps (Union is strength)
A sense of belonging, team spirit, the spirit of loyalty, devotion, and cooperation unites members of the group
14. Centralization
Functions of Management
According to Koontz’s which is the most widely used grouping of management functions it is divided as
mnemonics: Plan fOr S.L.C.- Planning
- Organizing
- Staffing
- Directing or Leading
- Controlling
Mintzberg’s Managerial Roles
As a manager, you probably fulfill many different roles each day, So Mintzberg published 10 managerial roles which are divided into 3 categories
| Interpersonal | Informational | Decision |
|---|---|---|
| Figurehead | Monitor | Entrepreneur |
| Leader | Disseminator | Disturbance handler |
| Liaison | Spokesperson | Resource allocator |
| Negotiator |
Mintzberg’s 10 managerial role models can be applied using them as a frame of reference to develop your management skills.
Management Skills
mnemonics: Leader lai Politically DITCH garne- Leadership
- Political
- Diagnostic
- Interpersonal
- Technical
- Conceptual
- Human
Level of Management
Top-level managers
- Chief executive officer (CEO)
- Chief operating officer (COO)
Set objectives
Scan environment
Plan and make decision
Middle-Level Managers
- General Manager
- Plant Manager
- Regional Manager/Division Manager
Allocate resources
Monitor 1st line managers
Report to top management
Develop and implement activities
First-Line Managers
- Office managers
- Shift supervisors
- Department managers
- Team leaders
Coordinate activities
Supervise employee
Report to middle-level managers
Involved in day-to-day operations
Definition by Ricky W Griffins:
Management is PLANNING, ORGANIZING of organizational resources, LEADING and CONTROLLING The HUMAN, FINANCIAL, PHYSICAL, INFORMATIONAL with the aim of achieving organizational goals effectively and efficiently in a changing environment.
See also: Leadership
