Counseling is “The application of mental health, psychological or human development principles, through cognitive, affective, behavioral or systemic intervention, strategies that address wellness, personal growth, or career development, as well as pathology. as per American Counseling Association.
Phases and Stages of Counseling
Phase I: Establish Relationship
- Ice-breaking session
- Counselee and counselor introduce each other and establish primary rapport
Phase II: Assessment
- Data collection phase
- Where counselor motivates the counseled to provide complete information about the problem
Phase III: Setting goals
- Goals are set cooperatively by both the counselor and the counseled
- While setting goals, the counselee’s strengths, weaknesses, constraints, and available resources must be kept under consideration
Phase IV: Intervention
- Operational Phase
- Counselee suggested the best possible option for the management of the present problem
Phase V: Termination and Follow Up
- Final Stage
- Counseling comes to an end
Types of Counseling
- Directive
- Nondirective
- Co-operative
- Participative
- Desensitization
- Catharsis
- Insight
- Developing the new pattern
Directive Counseling
- Full Counseling
- Center on counselor
- Listen to employee’s problem: Deciding with the employee what should be done, telling and motivating the employee to do it
Non-Directive Counseling
- Client-centered
- Skillfully listening to the emotional problems of employee
- Understand it
- Determine the course of action
- Used by professional counselors
- Tell the person to solve his own problems and he facilitates the person to reach his goals
Co-operative Counseling
- Counselor and client mutually cooperate to solve the problems of the client
- Not wholly client-centered, Not wholly counselor centered
Participative Counseling
- The middle path of the directive and non-directive counseling
- Nor client oriented/ Nor counselor oriented
- Counselor and counseled mutual apply their different knowledge, perception, skills, perspective, and values to the problem into the problems and find solutions
Desensitization
- Once the individual is shocked by a particular situation, he/she gives himself/ herself no chance for the situation to recur
- If the employee is once shocked by the behavior, approach, or action of his superior, he would continue to avoid that superior
Catharsis
- Greek word: Cleansing
- Discharge of emotional tension
- By talking them out or by relieving them of the painful experiences
Insight
- Psychoanalysis or insight helps as it goes deep into an employee’s past and brings to light past experiences and current unconscious thoughts and behavior of the employee, which believed to cause their current problem
Developing the new pattern
- When other methods remain ineffective
- Individual needs to explore himself
See also: Monitoring and Evaluation
See also: Time Management
See also: Human Resources in Health Management (HRM)
See also: Appreciative Inquiry
